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DOE-HDBK-1100-2004
Table 3.4. Example Human Factors in Process Operations
-
+
CATEGORY
Labeling
equipment clearly labeled; uniform coding
mislabeled or not labeled
Access
immediately at hand
hard to reach or access
Operability
power-assisted operation
difficult to operate/change position
Layout
well-planned, logical arrangement
confusing/inconsistent arrangement
Uniqueness
only component of its kind in area
several components look similar
Labeling
controls clearly labeled; uniform coding
mislabeled or not labeled
Mode
fully automatic; well-tuned
manual operation; many manual steps
Involvement
operator continually involved
operator detached from process
Displays
clear, simple, representational
unclear/complex/non-representational
Feedback
immediate, unambiguous
none or potentially misleading
Alarms
first-out; safety-critical alarms
many simultaneous or false alarms
Coverage
dual operator coverage at all times
operator not always present
Time
no time pressure for response
inadequate time to respond
Preparedness
periodic simulation exercises
no drills/simulation of scenarios
Last-Resort
shutdown not discouraged; fast access
shutdown discouraged or unsafe
Procedures
complete, accurate, current, verified
incomplete/too general/out of date
Identifying
ID, location of devices/actions given
ambiguous device/action identification
Format
graphical identification aids
confusing/inconsistent; difficult to read
Aids
checklist or supervisory check
task sequence done by memory
Overtime
reasonable
extreme enough to affect performance
Consistency
permanent shift assignments
inconsistent shift rotations/schedules
# of Tasks
tasks, work force, and skills matched
tasks required exceed time available
Task Freq.
routine task
very infrequent; no experience base
Intensity
regular task at normal pace
differing tasks in rapid succession
status communicated verbally, plus turnover
inadequate communication between shifts
Shift Changes
sheet used
of plant status
Field/Control
constant communication with field
no communication with field operator
Supervision
frequent supervisory communication
little or no supervisory checks
Emergency
rapid, unambiguous plant alarm system
no distinction between area, type
Noise level
office environment noise level
area where hearing protection required
Climate
indoors, climate-controlled
temp./humidity/precip./wind extremes
Visibility
visibility enhancement of some kind
often foggy or other visibility limitation
Lighting
inadequate lighting for task
This list does not contain management elements such as training and management of change.
"+" = factors beyond standard practice; may reduce the likelihood of human error or inadequate response.
"-" = factors may increase the likelihood of human error or inadequate response.
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