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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Student's Guide
The following safety features are specified by ANSI N43.2 for an enclosed-beam
X-ray system:
1.
The sample chamber door or other enclosure should have a fail-safe
interlock on the X-ray tube high-voltage supply or a shutter in the
primary beam so that no X-ray beam can enter the sample chamber while
it is open.
2.
X-ray tube, sample, detector, and analyzing crystal (if used) must be
enclosed in a chamber or coupled chambers that cannot be entered by
any part of the body during normal operation.
3.
Radiation leakage measured at 2 inches (5 cm) from any outer surface
must not exceed 0.25 mrem/hour during normal operation.
(Add facility-specific examples.)
iii.
Open-Beam System.
According to ANSI N43.2, a device that does not meet the enclosed-beam
standards is classified as an open-beam system. In an open-beam system, one or
more X-ray beams are not enclosed, making exposure of human body parts
possible during normal operation. The open-beam system is acceptable for use
only if an enclosed beam is impractical because of any of the following reasons:
1.
A need for frequent changes of attachments and configurations.
2.
A need for making adjustments with the X-ray beam energized.
3.
Motion of specimen and detector over wide angular limits.
4.
The examination of large or bulky samples.
46


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