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Radiological Safety Training for Plutonium Facilities
DOEHDBK11452001
Student's Guide
1. Engineered controls are built into the system.
Engineered controls include shielding,
ventilation, and containment systems.
2. Administrative controls for plutonium facilities
are the same as any other radiation source.
3. Personnel protective clothing/equipment
B. External hazard controls
1. Time plan ahead to avoid spending any more
time near radiation sources than necessary.
2. Distance the further from the radiation source,
the lower the dose. Example: With a point
source, if the distance to the source is
decreased by one-half, the dose will increase
by four times.
3. Shielding plutonium emits low-energy x-ray
and gamma radiation that is easily shielded with
small amounts of steel or lead. Also, the use of
lead-lined glovebox gloves helps reduce
extremity dose for those who handle plutonium.
In a plutonium facility, shielding for neutrons
must be addressed as well as shielding for x-
ray and gamma radiation. Neutrons are more
penetrating and they are harder to shield. The
most effective shielding employs materials that
have hydrogen, such as water, oil,
polyethylene, or paraffin. Many gloveboxes will
have hollow walls and windows filled with one of
these substances. But caution must be
exercised in the use of these highly flammable
hydrocarbon products.
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