Sample Analysis - STD-1128-98master0101

DOE-STD-1128-98

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities

-- shielding for extraneous sources of interference such as radiation, radiofrequency,

temperature, and vibration

-- mechanical and electrical ruggedness

-- ease of maintenance and calibration.

A plutonium air sampling program typically includes a system of fixed head air samplers to

quantify air concentrations in the workplace. The basic characteristics of the sampling

equipment remain the same except that there is normally less flexibility in locating the

sampling heads but more flexibility in selecting and operating the counting instrumentation.

In many instances, installed sampling systems may no longer be operational or may be in the

wrong locations. In those instances, portable air sampling systems, both impactor-head type

or filter type may be used to provide required worker protection.

4.1.6 Sample Analysis

Plutonium air samples are typically analyzed by alpha counting, alpha spectral analysis, or

chemical analysis. The technique used will depend upon the filter media used, the physical

and chemical state of the contaminate, the urgency for the data, interfering radionuclides,

and other factors. Authoritative guidance in establishing plutonium air sampling counting

and analysis methods can be found in NCRP Report No. 58, A Handbook of Radioactivity

Measurements Procedures (NCRP, 1985) and in Air Sampling in the Workplace (NRC,

1993).

4.1.7 Monitoring Strategies and Protocols

The rapid, early detection of airborne releases requires knowledge of the potential sources

and characteristics of the airborne material, the locations of the personnel who are at risk,

and the capabilities of the detection devices. Optimally, the samples should be taken

between the source and the potentially exposed worker (or member of the public) to

intercept the airborne materials before they reach the individual. With the numerous sources

and mobility of the workers, interception under all conditions is difficult, if not impossible,

to achieve. Samples of airborne materials should be taken as close to their points of origin

as practicable to maximize the probability of their detection (airborne concentrations are at a

maximum at their points of origin).

Fixed probes that are positioned to intercept releases from recognized major potential

sources should be used along with portable air samplers for planned activities with known

potentials for airborne release of contaminants and for temporary storage of contaminated

materials in areas of low air flow. If the workplace exhaust system can be shown to provide

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