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DOE-STD-1128-98
Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities
physical, chemical, and radiological properties of the hazards. Models used to calculate
and project the radiological consequences of a release of plutonium should be the same
ones used in the hazards assessment process. If the same models are not used, the
differences between outputs should be characterized and documented to avoid the
potential for confusion and indecision during response to an actual emergency. The
facility SAR consequence assessment of identified hazards should be used as a starting
point for detailed EMHA plutonium consequence assessment.
Environmental monitoring capability for assessing consequences of a plutonium
release should conform to several general principles.
Procedures for measurement of airborne plutonium should provide for
timely analysis and reporting of results in units that correspond to decision
criteria. Decision points based on initial alpha screening measurements with
field instruments should account for the expected levels of radon progeny
collected on the air sample media. Alternatively, portable survey
instruments capable of performing alpha spectroscopy measurements can be
used to provide rapid isotopic analysis of plutonium collected on sample
media.
Measurement of plutonium deposition should be planned and proceduralized
to yield results that correspond to those needed by the predictive models used
for emergency response. The correlation between direct or indirect
radioactivity measurements (in units of activity) and measurement methods
that give mass or concentration of plutonium in a sample should be
established for standard sample sizes, collection efficiencies, and the
expected isotopic mixture(s) of material that might be released. Information
on expected isotopic mixture should be available for converting the results of
measurements made with photon-sensitive instruments, such as the Fiddler
and Violinist, into plutonium activity per unit area.
If the potential exists for release of plutonium in conjunction with materials
of high chemical toxicity, it is generally not practical to plan on use of
survey teams to quantify concentrations in a plume. The high risk to survey
personnel, the protective equipment necessary to minimize that risk, the
time needed to prepare and deploy a team for such a survey and the limited
value of the information that could be gained all weigh against this approach
to assessing the consequence of a highly toxic release.
Continuous environmental air samples are taken around the perimeter of
some plutonium facilities for environmental reporting purposes.
9-7


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