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DOE-HDBK-1101-2004
good engineering practices. Some of the more frequently used codes and standards include the
following.
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) establishes piping/valves/fittings/flanges
and equipment design criteria, including selection of materials and standards for
engineering drawings
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) establishes standard testing
methods and acceptable test results, and definition of metallic and non-metallic material
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) establishes electrical area classifications
and requirements, and fire protection design standards
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) establishes Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code; welding materials and welder qualifications, NDT requirements, and
standards; and ferrous and non-ferrous material specifications
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)/Instrument Society of America
(ISA) establishes design and application specifications for electrical and electronic
equipment, and failure rate data
The American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practices govern the design of
hydrocarbon systems and facilities, including safety systems and process hazards
management guidelines for petrochemical facilities.
For existing equipment designed and constructed according to codes, standards, or practices that
are no longer in use, a determination must be made and documented that the equipment is
designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operated in a safe manner. The following methods
can be used to demonstrate that the equipment is designed for safe operation.
Conduct engineering analyses or empirical testing to show that the equipment design
provides a level of protection equivalent to current codes or standards.
Change process parameters to comply with new codes or standards.
Use the PrHA to demonstrate that continued use of existing equipment does not
significantly increase the likelihood of catastrophic consequences, compared to
equipment designed to current standards [Q46].
Information about process chemical hazards must include the following.
Toxicity information, such as LD50 /LC50 values, Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)),
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) values, and Emergency Response
Planning Guideline (ERPG) concentrations.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs).
Physical data, such as boiling point, freezing point, density, vapor pressure, vapor
density, solubility, evaporation rate, appearance, and odor.
Reactivity data, such as stability and compatibility with other families of materials
including acids, bases, and water.
Corrosivity data for containment vessels, metallics, and plastics.
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