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DOE-HDBK-1106-97
SODIUM-22 (Na-22)
Sodium-22 is a positron emitter (positive beta particle/electron) and high-energy gamma emitter.
It also emits an annihilation photon when the positive electron is annihilated with a negative
electron, producing pure energy.
Sodium-22 is detected with a thin-window G-M probe, sodium-iodide scintillation counter, or
liquid scintillation detector.
1. Energy:
Maximum beta energy: 0.546 MeV, average energy 0.182 MeV.
Gamma energy: 1.275 MeV.
Annihilation photon: 0.511 MeV.
2. Maximum beta range in air: 4.7 feet (1.4 m).
3. Unshielded dose rate from 1mCi point source at 1/2 inch (1cm): 11.8 rad/hr.
4. IAEA toxicity classification: High-medium.
5. Physical half-life: 950 days.
6. Effective half-life (Teff): 10.9 days.
7. Critical organ:
Whole body for intake of transportable compounds.
Lungs for inhalation.
Lower large intestine for ingestion.
8. Personnel monitoring: dosimeter and finger rings, uptakes may be determined by
urinalysis.
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