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DOE-EM-STD-5503-94
Place direct evacuation routes predominately upwind from the Exclusion Zone. In some
cases, as at very large sites, some exits may be placed in the downwind fenceline.
Workers should be informed during training that they are not safe until they have reached
the designated safety area;
Establish evacuation routes through the Contamination Reduction Zone. This should
allow a mechanism for accountability of all personnel, even if there is not enough time to
process evacuees through decontamination;
Consider the accessibility of potential routes. Obstructions such as locked gates,
trenches, pits, drums, tanks, and other barriers should be considered, as well as the
additional time and equipment needed to maneuver around or through them;
Develop two or more routes, separate from each other, which lead to safe areas. Ensure
that routes do not overlap or intersect;
Mark routes as "safe" or "not safe" on a daily basis, depending on wind direction and
other conditions at the site; and
Mark all evacuation routes. No unsafe routes should be used for evacuation (e.g., low
ground, streams, trenches).
Consider mobility limitations for personnel wearing PPE and other emergency equipment
including:
Develop procedures to use ladders and other material to traverse hazardous terrain (e.g.,
ditches, heights, trenches); and
Check clearances of access ports, crawlspaces, hatches, manholes, tunnels, to ensure
personnel wearing protective equipment can get through.
A routine should be established for ensuring all evacuation routes are kept clear. In the event of
an emergency which necessitates an evacuation of the site, a procedure similar to the one below
should be used.
Make evacuation alarm notification supplemented by the use of hand held radios. All
personnel should evacuate upwind of any activities along established "safe" evacuation
routes. Proceed to the predetermined location so that all personnel can be accounted for;
and
Ensure that personnel proceed to the closest exit with their buddy, and proceed to the safe
distance area associated with the evacuation route. Personnel should remain at that area
until the re-entry alarm is sounded or an authorized individual provides further
instructions.
A map should be provided which depicts evacuation routes for the site and immediate area. In the
event of a major incident, assembly areas and safe distances should also be indicated on the
map.
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