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DOE-HDBK-3010-94
7.0 Application Examples; Dissolving Operations Examples
The key question in matching phenomena is whether or not the release will act
predominantly as a free-fall spill of liquid or, for a vessel leak, as a depressurization
of liquid via a failure under the liquid surface level. The only pressure acting on the
liquid is its own static head, since the vessel itself is under a slight vacuum. The
static head of the liquid can be determined from the equation:
Psh = H* *g
(7-4)
where:
Psh = static head pressure (Pa),
H = height of fluid (m),
= fluid density (kg/m3), and
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/sec2)
The 30-liter slab vessel has a height of 0.75 m (2.5 ft), with 20 cm of freeboard
during operation. This leaves a liquid height of 0.55 m (1.8 ft). The 64% nitric acid
solution has a density of ~ 1400 kg/m3. These values yield a static pressure head at
the bottom of the vessel of 7550 Pa (~ 1 psi). At this low pressure, the
depressurization spray effect will be immaterial.
3
The density of the solutions in the oxide dissolution glovebox exceeds 1.2 g/cm at all
points in the process, so the spill is modelled as that of a concentrated, heavy metal
solution. The ARF and RF assigned for a free-fall spill of a concentrated heavy
metal solution of less than 3 m are 2E-5 and 1.0 (subsection 3.2.3.1). The initial
respirable source term is:
1322 g * 1.0 * 2E-5 * 1.0 = 3E-2 g
This source term would be generated within glovebox confinement. Although
subsection 3.2.3.1 discusses applying the spill ARF equation only to fall heights
greater than 3 m, it can be used for smaller distances. The equation for bounding
ARF is:
2
*H3*g/vsoln2)0.55
(7-5, 3-13)
ARF = 8.9E-10 (
air
where:
ARF = airborne release fraction,
3
air = density of air (1.18E-3 g/cm ),
H = spill height, (cm),
g = acceleration of gravity (981 cm/sec2), and
vsoln = solution viscosity (poise).
Page 7-15


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