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Page Title:
Self-sustained Oxidation Above th e Ignition Temperature |
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|  DOE-HDBK-3010-94
4.0 Solids; Metals
under natural convection covered in subsection 4.2.1.1.3. Therefore, bounding values of
ARF and RF are assessed to be 3E-5 and 0.04.
4.2.1.1.3 S elf-sustain ed O xid ation A b ove th e I gn ition T em p eratu re. Stewart
(1963) reported on the oxides formed by heating to various temperatures small pieces (less
than 13 g) of unalloyed and delta-alloy plutonium metal in various atmospheres. Two shapes
were used: billets (cylinders 0.7 cm diameter by 1.0 cm long); and swarf (turnings).
Various experimental configurations were needed for different experimental conditions. The
data for higher temperature oxidation (in the region of temperatures found during self-
sustained oxidation) are tabulated in Table 4-3, and the source data from the referenced
document are reproduced in Tables A.28, A.29a, A.29b, and A.30 in Appendix A. The size
distributions of the airborne materials are shown in Figures A.23 and A.24 in Appendix A.
Table 4-3. M easured ARFs During Self-Sustained Oxidation of Unalloyed and
Delta-Phase Plutonium
(Tables 3, 5 and 7 - Stewart 1963)
M ass
Hum idity
Phase
Tem perature
Atm osphere
m g H2O/l
ARF
Specim en
air
(gram s)
1.5E-5 (MMD 8 m1)
delta
900
C
12.7
air
0.03
1.5E-5 (MMD 8 m1)
unalloyed
950
C
10.3
0.03
2.4E-3 (MMD 11 m1)
630
C
15.06
0.03
1.3E-4 (MMD 4.5 m1)
800
C
12.2
16.0
delta
6.0E-5 (MMD 2.1 m1)
895
C
1.95
1.0E-4 (MMD 2.1 m1)
780
C
2.18
delta
820
C
1.15
delta
(not self-sustaining)
carbon dioxide
1.34
delta
(no reaction)
5.34
>1000 C
delta
2.1E-2 (violent reaction,
oxygen
MMD 0.3 m1)
5.89
970 C
delta
30% O2: 70% N2
1.8E-4 (0.25 oxidized MMD
29 m1)
1.9E-4 (MMD 16 m1)
7.41
~1200 C
delta
40% O2: 60% N2
5.476
690 C
delta
1.4E-4 (0.53 oxidized)
0 to 0.2 atm O2
5.476
625 C
delta
5.4E-7 (0.17 oxidized)
0 to 0.099 atm O2
7.216
620 C
unalloyed
1.2E-4 (0.12 oxidized)
0 to 0.167 atm O2
7.352
560 C
4.7E-5 (0.056 oxidized)
0 to 0.167 atm O2
1
Mass Median Diameter in m Aerodynamic Equivalent Diameter.
For oxidation of both delta-alloy and unalloyed metal at or above ignition temperature in air,
the ARFs range from 1.5E-5 to 2.4E-3. Particle size distribution as a function of oxidation
atmosphere conditions is shown in Figure 4-6 reproduced from the reference document. For
Page 4-21
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