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|  DOE-HDBK-3010-94
4 .0 S O L ID S
4.1
SUM M ARY O F ANALYSIS O F DATA
In assessing release fractions for solid materials, the materials cannot be treated in the more
generic sense applicable to most liquids of interest. Specific distinctions must be made in
terms of types of solid material. This chapter provides information1 for three categories of
solids: (1) metals (Note: release from energetic hydride reactions also covered under topic
of metals in subsection 4.2.1.1.4); (2) nonmetallic or composite solids; and (3) powders.
M etal
T h erm al S tress: P lu ton iu m
Airborne Release of particulates formed by room temperature oxidation
(corrosion). Based upon the experimental measured values, the bounding
ARRs and RFs for the four situations covered are:
g
10-6
Pu/cm2-hr;
Bounding (unalloyed Pu)
ARR (dry air)
2
x
RF
0.7
g
10-3
Pu/cm2-hr;
RF
0.7
ARR (100% RH)
7
x
g
10-8
Pu/cm2-hr;
(delta-phase metal)
ARR (dry air)
7
x
RF
0.7
g
10-4
Pu/cm2-hr;
ARR (100% RH)
6
x
RF
0.7
Use of the above values are generally intended for short timeframes
(i.e., < 100 hours). They are not appropriate for long-term estimation (i.e.,
months to years) as rate is controlled by issues such as oxide coat coherence.
Airborne release of particulates formed by oxidation at elevated temperature,
greater than room temperature but less than self-sustained oxidation (ignition).
The bounding values apply to static oxidation at elevated temperatures less
than ignition temperatures. The MAR is the amount of oxide present under
specific conditions. If oxidation is not complete, experimental data cited can
provide a basis for such estimations if desired.
Bounding
ARF 3E-5/RF 0.04
1
It is noted that there are so me special issues associated with Pu-238 in compacted forms used in
thermoelectric power devices as material behavior of Pu-238 is different from that of Pu-239 and power
devices can be subjected to unique high-energy stresses. Specific information on this subject can be
obtained from the DOE radioisotope thermal generator program.
Page 4-1
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