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DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 1: Radiological Fundamentals
Instructor's Notes
4. Neutrons
a. Physical characteristics
1) Neutron radiation consists of neutrons that are ejected from the
nucleus.
2) A neutron has mass, but no electrical charge.
EO6 Identify the four basic
types of ionizing radiation
and the following for each
type:
a. Physical characteristics
b. Range
c. Shielding
d. Biological hazards
e. Sources
3) An interaction can occur as the result of a collision between a
neutron and a nucleus. The nucleus recoils due to the energy
imparted by the neutron and ionizes other atoms. This is
called "secondary ionization."
4) Neutrons may also be absorbed by a nucleus. This is called
neutron activation. A charged particle or gamma ray may be
emitted as a result of this interaction. The emitted radiation
can cause ionization in other atoms.
b. Range
1) Because of the lack of a charge, neutrons have a relatively high
penetrating ability and are difficult to stop.
2) The range in air is very far. Like gamma rays, they can easily
travel several hundred feet in air.
c. Shielding
Neutron radiation is best shielded by materials with a high
hydrogen content such as water, concrete, or plastic.
d. Biological hazards
Neutrons are a whole body hazard due to their high penetrating
ability.
14


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