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PYROPHORIC GASES AND LIQUIDS
DOE-HDBK-1081-94
Spontaneous Heating and Pyrophoricity
Pyrophoric Liquids
Hydrazine
Properties
Hydrazine is a colorless oily liquid resembling water in appearance and
possesses a weak, ammonia-like odor. Its chemical formula is N2 H4 .
Commercially it is available as an anhydrous (without water) liquid and in
aqueous solutions. Hydrazine is most well known for its use as a rocket fuel,
but is also used in manufacturing agricultural chemicals, explosives, and
plastics. It fumes in air and reacts with all oxidizing agents. Hydrazine is
hypergolic, meaning that it reacts explosively upon contact with many
oxidizing agents. The flash point of hydrazine is 38 C (100 F). Its
autoignition temperature is 270 C (518 F) on a glass surface but may be as
low as 23 C (74 F) when in contact with a strong oxidizing agent. Hydrazine
forms flammable mixtures with air from 4% to 100% by volume and
decomposes when heated. Hydrazine ignites in air at room temperature when
exposed to metal oxide surfaces and in a wide variety of porous materials.
Storage and Handling
Storage in a detached building is preferred. Inside storage should be in a
standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. An
emergency water reservoir or sprinklers should be provided for fire
extinguishment. Hydrazine should be stored separately from metal oxides,
acids, and all oxidizing agents. Hydrazine is highly toxic and may be fatal if
inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It is also corrosive and may cause severe
eye and skin burns. Protective clothing that prevents penetration of hydrazine
and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn when
working with hydrazine.
Extinguishing Hydrazine Fires
Fires involving hydrazine may produce irritants and toxic gases such as
nitrogen oxides. Fires should not be approached without protective clothing
and positive pressure respirators. Hydrazine fires should be approached from
upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.
Flooding amounts of water should be applied as a fog or spray. Water should
be sprayed on fire-exposed containers of hydrazine to keep them cool. Fires
should be fought from a protected location or at a maximum possible distance.
Flooding amounts of water may be necessary to prevent reignition.
Pyrophoricity
Page 16
Rev. 0


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