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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 1: Radiological Fundamentals
Instructor's Notes
3.
Charge of the atom
The number of electrons and protons determines the overall
electrical charge of the atom. The term "ion" is used to define
atoms or groups of atoms that have a net positive or negative
electrical charge.
Optional:
Insert diagram that
illustrates the different
charges.
a.
No charge (neutral)
If the number of electrons equals the number of protons, the atom
is electrically neutral. This atom does not have a net electrical
charge.
b.
Positive charge (+)
If there are more protons than electrons, the atom is positively
charged.
c.
Negative charge (-)
If there are more electrons than protons, the atom is negatively
charged.
B.
Definitions and Units of Measure
1.
Radioactive material
EO2 Define radioactive
material.
Radioactive material is any material containing unstable atoms that
emit radiation.
Give facility-specific
examples of radioactive
isotopes at the site.
2.
Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the process of unstable (or radioactive) atoms
becoming stable. This is done by emitting radiation. This process
over a period of time is referred to as radioactive decay. A
disintegration is a single atom undergoing radioactive decay.
EO2 Define radioactivity.
Give example of radioactive
decay.
6
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