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3)
Some naturally occurring radioactive isotopes include Sodium-24 (Na-24),
Carbon-14 (C-14), Argon-41 (Ar-41), and Potassium-40 (K-40). Most of our
internal exposure comes from K-40.
d.
Radon (total average dose ~ 200 mrem/yr)
1)
Radon comes from the radioactive decay of uranium, which is naturally present
in the soil.
2)
Radon is a gas. It can travel through the soil and enter through building
foundation cracks. The greatest concentrations of indoor radon are found in
basements.
3)
Radon emits alpha radiation. It presents a hazard only when taken into the body
(e.g., when inhaled).
2.
Manmade sources
The difference between manmade sources of radiation and naturally occurring sources is
the origin of the source.
The four top sources of manmade radiation exposures are:
Tobacco products
Medical radiation
Building materials
Domestic water supply
a.
Tobacco products (average dose ~1300 mrem/yr)
b.
Medical radiation sources (total average dose ~ 54 mrem/yr)
1)
X rays (total average dose ~ 40mrem/yr)
a)
X rays are similar to gamma rays; however, they originate outside the
nucleus.
b)
A typical radiation dose from a chest
X ray is about 10 mrem.
2)
Diagnosis and therapy (total average dose ~14 mrem/yr)
In addition to X rays, radioactive materials and radioactive sources are used in
medicine for diagnosis and therapy.
c.
Building materials (total average dose ~7 mrem/yr)
d.
Domestic water supply (total average dose ~5 mrem/yr)
17
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