Introduction - hdbk12040007

DOE-HDBK-1204-97

1. INTRODUCTION

While the methodology used in developing test items can vary significantly, to ensure quality

examinations, test items should be developed systematically. Test design and development

is discussed in the DOE Guide to Good Practices for Design, Development, and

Implementation of Examinations. This guide is intended to be a supplement by providing

more detailed guidance on the development of specific test items.

This guide addresses the development of written examination test items primarily. However,

many of the concepts also apply to oral examinations, both in the classroom and on the job.

This guide is intended to be used as guidance for the classroom and laboratory instructor or

curriculum developer responsible for the construction of individual test items.

This document focuses on written test items, but includes information relative to

open-reference (open book) examination test items, as well. These test items have been

categorized as short-answer, multiple-choice, or essay. Each test item format is described,

examples are provided, and a procedure for development is included. The appendices

provide examples for writing test items, a test item development form, and examples of

various test item formats.