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DOE-STD-1022-94
5.4.4.2 Non-tectonic surface deformation
A.
Non-tectonic phenomena that can result in surface deformation at a facility site include glacially-induced
faulting, growth faulting, collapse due to underground voids such as found in Karst terrain, and subsidence
due to extensive fluid withdrawal.
B.
Glacially-induced faults generally do not represent a significant displacement hazard because the conditions
that created them are no longer present. If residual stresses from Pleistocene glaciation are still present, these
features should be investigated with respect to their relationship to current in-situ stresses.
C.
The existence of cavities in some geological materials (e.g. limestone, gypsum, anhydrite, etc.,) may lead to
ground collapse. If collapse features are present, they shall be considered and investigated with respect to
their potential for causing deformation of the facility site and, if so, whether engineered stabilization
measures are feasible.
D.
Large, naturally occurring growth faults, as found in the coastal plain of Texas and Louisiana, can pose a
surface displacement hazard even though offset most likely occurs at a slower rate than that of tectonic
faults, they shall be identified and avoided in siting, and their displacements shall also be monitored. Some
growth faults and antithetic faults related to growth faults are not easily identified; therefore, investigations
of the potential amount and character of displacement shall be undertaken in regions where growth faults are
known to be present.
5.5 GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
A.
Geotechnical studies may include investigations for: (1) defining site soil properties as may be required for
hazard evaluations, and engineering analyses and designs; (2) assessing local soil site effects on ground
motions; (3) carrying out soil-structure interaction analyses; and (4) assessing potential of soil failure or
deformation induced by ground shaking (liquefaction, differential compaction, land sliding, etc.).
B.
The extent of investigation to determine the geotechnical characteristics of a site depends on the performance
categories of the facilities, the subsurface conditions, and the extent of available information. For facilities
with SSCs in Performance Category 4, the geotechnical studies shall include, at a minimum, the
investigations specified in Sections 5.5.1 through 5.5.4 (see USNRC R. G. 1.132). Reduced scope of
investigation is allowed for sites containing facilities with SSCs in Performance Category 3 or lower, if the
additional uncertainties resulting from the less extensive investigation are acceptable and justified based on
analyses by the project team. By working with experienced geotechnical engineers and geologists, an
appropriate scope of investigations can be developed for a particular facility.
5.5.1 Site Investigations
A.
Site investigations shall be conducted for facilities if the site information is not available or insufficient for
NPH assessment and design/evaluation of the particular facilities. Soil/rock profiles (cross-sections) at the
locations of the facilities shall be provided based on the results of site investigations. The quantification of
site soil/rock properties, such as classifications, strengths, compressibilities, densities, and wave velocities,
is needed for engineering design, and evaluations of soil amplification, soil-structure interaction, potential
for liquefaction, differential compaction, and land sliding. The properties required are intimately linked to
the designs and evaluations to be conducted. For example, for analyses of soil response effects or
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