Battery system capabilities

DOE-STD-3003-2000

capacity of cells), and for information on the

all switchgear and distribution equipment

treatment of design margin and the various

necessary to provide quality voltage and

associated factors to assess whether sizing

current as required by the connected load.

is adequate.

The battery is normally in full float operation

where it is connected in parallel with a

5.4.1.2 Installation. The following

charger and the load, and where the charger

supplies the normal dc load plus any self-

factors shall be addressed for an acceptable

discharge or charging current, or both,

battery installation: vibration, temperature,

required by the battery. The battery will

ventilation for hydrogen offgassing and heat

supply power to the load upon loss of ac

removal, local heat sources, power source

power to the charger, failure of the charger,

location, mounting rack (support, insulation,

or when the load exceeds the charger output.

and grounding), seismic needs, containment

STATIONARY BATTERIES are commonly

for flooded lead acid batteries,

used for standby service in industrial control,

instrumentation, and alarms. Refer to IEEE

electric substation control circuits, UPSs, and

Std 484 (Vented Lead-Acid), IEEE 1106

communication system service. The following

(Nickle-Cadmium), or IEEE Std 1187 (Valve-

subsections provide requirements and

Regulated Lead-Acid) for detailed guidance

information for STATIONARY BATTERIES,

on battery installation. Refer to IEEE Std 450

including their maintenance and testing.

(lead-acid), IEEE Std 1106, IEEE 1187, or

IEEE 1188 for acceptance testing.

5.4.1 Battery system capabilities. The

Manufacturer's recommendations should be

followed, if more limiting, for all batteries.

specification of requirements for

STATIONARY BATTERIES shall include

5.4.2 Battery maintenance, testing, and

battery load (load profile), voltage, time

period, environment, and installation. DOE-

surveillance. Batteries shall be monitored,

SPEC-3018 or DOE-SPEC-3019 should be

periodically maintained, and properly charged

used to develop and document the

to ensure their readiness to perform. Many

specification for new lead-acid battery

types of batteries, if allowed to sit without a

installations.

charger, will internally discharge, often with

irreversible cell degradation. For these types

5.4.1.1 Battery sizing. Battery load

of batteries, it is important to maintain proper

charging FLOAT VOLTAGE during standby.

profiles and sizing shall be developed in

Due to inherent differences between cells,

accordance with IEEE Std 485 (for lead-acid

FLOAT VOLTAGE and specific gravity values

batteries) or IEEE Std 1115 (for nickel-

will vary from cell to cell over time. If cell

cadmium batteries). This includes type of

FLOAT VOLTAGES and/or specific gravity

load, nature of the load (transient and

values are allowed to remain in an unequal

steady-state values), timing of application of

condition for extended periods of time, cell

loads, length of time for each load and

sulfation will result. To overcome this

overall time needed for battery operation.

problem, periodic EQUALIZING CHARGE

IEEE Std 485 and IEEE Std 1115 provide

must be applied to equalize cell voltages and

detailed instructions on how to treat various

specific gravities. Manufacturer's

types of loads and construct a load profile.

recommendations should be followed in

Other factors involved in assessing proper

regard to EQUALIZING CHARGE. When

battery size include: maximum system

performing an EQUALIZING CHARGE, care

voltage, minimum acceptable voltage, and

should be taken to assure the charger

battery duty cycle. Cells may be connected in

voltage does not exceed the voltage rating of

series or series-parallel combinations to

the loads connected during the equalize

arrive at the desired voltage and battery

charge. Batteries are rated at a temperature

capacity. Refer to IEEE Std 485 or IEEE Std

of 25 C. Higher temperatures will improve

1115 as appropriate for detailed guidance on

capacity at high discharge rates but

assessing cell and battery size (number and