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DOE-STD-3013-2000
It should be noted that designation as a pressure vessel can arise simply because of
the need to contain the internal pressure generated by radioactive decay and by
operation at a temperature higher than that at which it was filled and sealed.
Beyond that, its function as the primary containment requires that it be able to
contain the pressures that might conceivably be generated by all credible processes.
Finally, it should be noted that the pressure estimates derived using the pressure
equation derived in Appendix B are considered to be highly conservative bounding
estimates. Current data indicate that it is unlikely that container pressures will
exceed 790 kPa (100 psig) under normal storage conditions during a 50-year
storage period. It should also be noted that the container atmosphere may include
appreciable percentages of hydrogen in the total gas at the time of opening, and
appropriate precautions should be taken.
A.6.2.2
Container Construction
1. Use of low-carbon stainless steels, such as 304 L and 316 L, is recommended with
316 L being preferable to 304 L because of its greater corrosion resistance. Both
materials are justified on the basis of extensive experience in this and similar types
of service. Stainless steels 301, 302, and 303 are not recommended due to their
relatively low concentrations of alloying additions. The use of higher alloyed
materials is probably beneficial to container failure resistance, but given the less
thorough analysis of these alloys in the literature, it may be prudent to avoid their
use at this time.
A recent report on corrosion [Kolman 1999] strongly recommends low carbon grades
of stainless steel to avoid sensitization to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The report
also notes the importance of welding techniques that will not sensitize the steel to
SCC. More information from Kolman's report can be found in Section A.6.3.3.3 of
this appendix.
2. The Assessment Report [DOE 1994a, 1994c] describes radiolytic effects with
plastics, hydrogenous compounds, and organic materials during storage of
plutonium-bearing materials. Prolonged plutonium storage necessitates exclusion of
such materials from sealed containers because radiolysis and thermolysis of organic
material can produce combustible and corrosive gases and increase pressure within
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