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DOE-STD-3013-2004
creation of potentially pyrophoric hydrides [e.g., see USDOE 1994a, Haschke/Martz
1998]. Also, reaction of plutonium metal with water and air can lead to highly
reactive hydrides and nitrides under some circumstances [ANS 1980, Haschke/Martz
1998]. Since plutonium metal allowed by this Standard has low specific surface area
(see Criterion 6.1.1.1 for details) and is therefore easily examined, visual inspection
for free water and organic materials with the unaided eye is sufficient to assure that
unsafe quantities of hydrides and nitrides cannot form by this mechanism during
storage.
3. Since plutonium turnings pressed into briquettes cannot be examined to determine
that they meet the requirements of Criteria 6.1.2.1 and 6.1.2.2, they are not
acceptable storage package contents. They should be converted to stable oxide
powder.
A.6.1.2
Oxides
1. The stabilization requirements of this Standard are intended to accomplish the
following objectives:
eliminate reactive materials such as finely divided metal or sub-stoichiometric
plutonium oxides;
eliminate organic materials;
reduce the water content to less than 0.5 wt% and similarly reduce equivalent
quantities of species such as hydrates and hydroxides that might produce water;
minimize potential for water readsorption above the 0.5 wt% threshold; and
stabilize any other potential gas-producing constituents.
To achieve these objectives, this Standard specifies that oxide material will be placed
in a continuously oxidizing atmosphere at a material temperature of at least 950C
for a minimum of two hours. The following discussion outlines the technical basis
that ensures that the calcination requirements of the Standard will accomplish the
above objectives.
1) Eliminate reactive materials such as finely divided metal or sub-stoichiometric
plutonium oxides
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