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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor's Guide
Lesson Plan
Instructor's Notes
D.
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT ON
PHOTON ENERGY AND POWER
It is important to distinguish between the energy of
individual photons in an X-ray beam and the total
energy of all the photons in the beam. It is also
important to distinguish between average power and
peak power in a pulsed X-ray device.
Typically, the individual photon energy is given in
electron volts (eV), whereas the power of a beam is
given in watts (W). An individual 100 keV photon has
more energy than an individual 10 keV photon.
However, an X-ray beam consists of a spectrum (a
distribution) of photon energies and the rate at which
energy is delivered by a beam is determined by the
number of photons of each energy. If there are many
more low energy photons, it is possible for the low
energy component to deliver more energy.
The photon energy distribution may be varied by
changing the voltage. The number of photons emitted
may be varied by changing the current.
i.
Voltage.
The power supplies for many X-ray devices do not
produce a constant potential (D.C.) high voltage but
instead energize the X-ray tube with a time varying
or pulsating high voltage. In addition, since the
bremsstrahlung X-rays produced are a spectrum of
energies up to a maximum equal to the electron
accelerating maximum voltage, the
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