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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor's Guide
High Radiation Area: Any area accessible to individuals in which radiation levels could result in an
individual receiving a deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (0.001 sievert) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters
from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates (10 CFR 835.2(a)).
Incidental X-ray device: A device that emits or produces X-rays in the process of its normal operation, in
which the X-rays are an unwanted byproduct of the device's intended use. Examples include video
display terminals, electron microscopes, high-voltage electron guns, electron beam welders, ion implant
devices, microwave cavities used as beam guides, radio-frequency cavities, microwave generators
(magnetrons/klystrons), and field-emission electron beam diodes.
Installation: A radiation source, with its associated equipment, and the space in which it is located.
Installation enclosure: The portion of an X-ray installation that clearly defines the transition from a
noncontrolled to a controlled area and provides such shielding as may be required to limit the dose rate in
the noncontrolled area during normal operations.
Intentional X-ray device: A device in which electrons undergo acceleration in a vacuum and collide with
a metal anode target designed to produce X-rays for a particular application. Examples include diagnostic
medical/dental X-ray devices, electron LINACs used in radiation therapy applications, portable and fixed
flash X-ray systems, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment, cabinet X-ray systems, some
Van de Graaff generators, and electron LINACs.
Interlock: A device for precluding access to an area of radiation hazard either by preventing entry or by
automatically removing the hazard when the device is actuated.
Ion: An atom, or molecule bearing an electric charge, or an electron that is not associated with a nucleus.
Ionizing radiation: Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions, directly or
indirectly, by interaction with matter, including gamma and X-rays and alpha, beta, and neutron particles.
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