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DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor's Guide
Lesson Plan
Instructor's Notes
Fraction of incident electron energy transformed
into X-ray energy equals:
(7 X 10 -4) x Z x E
Where Z is the atomic number of the element (74
for tungsten) and E is the maximum energy of the
incoming electrons in MeV.
In this case, the fraction would be:
(7 X 10 -4) x 74 x 0.150 = 0.008
In the above example P is 7500 W. So the electron
energy incident upon the anode is:
7500 W = 7500 J/s
Note: 1 W = 1 J/s
Then the energy transformed into X-rays would be
0.008 [7500] = 60 J/s.
1 J = 107 ergs, and 100 ergs/g = 1 rad.
So this X-ray energy represents:
6.0 x 108 ergs/sec.
If all this X-ray energy were deposited in 1 g of
tissue, the dose would be:
6.0 x 108 ergs/sec [1 rad/100ergs/g] =
6.0 x 106 rad/sec.
However, in practical applications X-ray beams are
filtered to remove softer X-rays not useful in
radiology, the X-ray pulse is much less than 1
25


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