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| Radiological Assessor Training
DOE-HDBK-1141-2001
Instructor's Guide
Van de Graaffs
Cockcrott-Waltons
2. Circular-path accelerators
In circular-path accelerators, magnets guide
the particle along a spiral path, allowing a
single electric field to apply many cycles of
Circular-path accelerators include:
Cyclotrons
Betatrons
Synchrotrons
Until the 1980's, all accelerators used for both
physics research and in practical applications,
such as in medicine and in materials science
operated in a so-called "fixed target" mode. In
this mode the accelerated energetic particles are
delivered to a target made of some material at
rest in the laboratory.
Since that time, research facilities have been
constructed in which counter-circulating
accelerated beams of particles collide with each
other, rather than with targets at rest in the
laboratory. The use of accelerated particles in
this "colliding beam" mode has been done to take
advantage of the fact that the total energy of the
colliding particles, including both their kinetic
energies and the energy included in their masses
at rest, becomes available in the collision
process. This condition is not true for fixed target
collisions.
Module 14 5
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