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|  Radiological Assessor Training
DOE-HDBK-1141-2001
Instructor's Guide
interactions
Synchrotron radiation: Photons emitted as
charged particles are accelerated in a
curved path (a dramatically more
significant effect for electrons than it is for
protons having the same kinetic energy)
Thermal neutron capture: Photons can be
emitted as a result of nuclear reactions in
which materials present in the accelerator
enclosure absorb thermalized neutrons
produced by the accelerated beams.
5. Neutrons
Neutrons can be produced through nuclear
interactions of the primary and secondary
beams with matter. They can also be
produced by interaction of high energy
photons with matter (photonuclear reaction).
where the beam can interact with physical
objects.
6. Muons
Muons are particles that are physically similar
to electrons, but are about 200 times heavier.
Energies in excess of 212 MeV are required
to produce muons by means of pair
production at electron accelerators. At proton
and ion accelerators, muons cannot readily be
produced at energies below about 140 MeV
since charged pions or kaons, which decay
into muons, must first be produced. Due to
the short ranges of low energy muons in
matter, they are not normally of concern for
accelerators of less than 500 MeV kinetic
energy.
Muons travel mainly in the direction of the
beam that produced them, with very little
Module 14 8
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