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|  Radiological Assessor Training
DOE-HDBK-1141-2001
Instructor's Guide
The two major concerns of air activation
products are:
Worker (delays entry)
Environmental (releases from enclosures)
Liquids
Tritium is frequently produced in water used to
cool the target and/or experimental
equipment. As this water supply is usually a
closed system, the concentration of the tritium
in the water will slowly increase.
Other activated liquids may include:
Oil in vacuum pumps
Cryogenic fluids
C. Ancillary sources
Accelerators employ devices to either impart
energy to particles, or redirect them during the
acceleration process. The following devices may
emit ionizing radiation while they are operating.
1. Klystrons
Klystrons provide power to accelerate
charged particles. They emit x-rays during
operation.
2. Radiofrequency (RF) cavities
These devices accelerate charged particles
using electromagnetic fields. Trace gases
within the RF cavity cause photons to be
emitted by the accelerated particles.
3. Electrostatic separators/septa
These devices split a particle beam into two
beams using static electric fields. The high
voltages associated with these devices cause
electrons to accelerate in the vacuum within
the beamline. They emit x- or gamma rays.
Module 14 11
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