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|  Radiological Assessor Training
DOE-HDBK-1141-2001
Student's Guide
1. Primary beam
The primary beam consists of accelerated
charged particles prior to any interactions that
may decrease the beam's energy or intensity.
It is the most intense form of radiation present
at an accelerator facility and is made
inaccessible to personnel through engineered
and administrative controls.
2. Secondary beam
The secondary beam is produced by
interaction of the primary beam with matter
such as targets or beamline components.
The secondary beam may consist of:
Electromagnetic radiation
Charged particles
3. Skyshine
Skyshine is the term used to describe
radiation emerging more or less vertically
from a shielded enclosure, which then
scatters from air molecules to produce
radiation at some distance from the source.
4. Electromagnetic radiation (photons)
Prompt photons may include those produced
by:
Bremsstrahlung: Photons emitted through
the deceleration of charged particles in the
beam
Electromagnetic cascades: Multiple
photons emitted through initial high-energy
interactions
Module 13 - 5
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