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Radiological Safety Training for Plutonium Facilities
DOEHDBK11452001
Instructor's Guide
1. Engineered controls are built into the system.
Engineered controls include shielding,
ventilation, and containment systems.
2. Administrative controls for plutonium facilities
are the same as any other radiation source.
Instructors: Insert facility-
specific information.
3. Personnel protective clothing/equipment
B. External hazard controls
Show OT 25.
1. Time plan ahead to avoid spending any more
time near radiation sources than necessary.
2. Distance the further from the radiation source,
the lower the dose. Example: With a point
Many facilities have identified
source, if the distance to the source is
low dose areas. These areas
decreased by one-half, the dose will increase
should be utilized when
by four times.
practical.
3. Shielding plutonium emits low-energy x-ray
and gamma radiation that is easily shielded with
small amounts of steel or lead. Also, the use of  The first few inches are
dramatic with small or point
lead-lined glovebox gloves helps reduce
extremity dose for those who handle plutonium.  sources and become less
dramatic with larger or plane
sources.
In a plutonium facility, shielding for neutrons
must be addressed as well as shielding for
x-ray and gamma radiation. Neutrons are more
penetrating and they are harder to shield. The
most effective shielding employs materials that
have hydrogen, such as water, oil,
polyethylene, or paraffin. Many gloveboxes will
have hollow walls and windows filled with one of
these substances. But caution must be
exercised in the use of these highly flammable
hydrocarbon products.
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