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Page Title:
Table 2.7. Common Biokinetic Models for Plutonium and Americium |
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| 0046im.jpg) DOE-STD-1128-98
Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities
Table 2.7. Common Biokinetic Models for Plutonium and Americium
Model Parameter
ICRP 30, Part 1
ICRP 48
ICRP 30, Part 4
Metabolic Distribution(a)
F
T
F
T
F
T
Bone surfaces
0.45
100 y
0.50
50 y
0.45
50 y
Liver
0.45
40 y
0.30
20 y
0.45
20 y
Gonads(b)
3.5 x 10-4 "
3.5 x 10-4 "
3.5 x 10-4 "
Male
1.1 x 10-4 "
1.1 x 10-4 "
1.1 x 10-4 "
Female
GI Tract Absorption Factor
10-5
10-5
10-5
Ox oxides
n.a.(c)
10-4
10-4
Pu nitrates
10-4
10-3
10-3
Pu-others
5 x 10-4
10-3
10-3
Am-(any)
Inhalation Class
Y
Y
Y
Pu oxides
W
W
W
Pu-others
W
W
W
Am-(any)
(a)
F is the fraction of plutonium reaching the bloodstream that is translocated to the organ of
concern.
T is the retention (or clearance) half-time in the organ of concern.
(b)
Plutonium is assumed to be uniformly concentrated in male and female gonadal tissue where it
is permanently retained. The deposition fractions are derived, based on the relative mass of the
reference male and female tissues.
(c)
n.a. = not specifically addressed.
2.5
RADIATION EFFECTS ON MATERIALS
The following sections discuss, in order, self-heating and the various effects of radiolysis.
Radioactive decay, particularly alpha decay, can and does affect operations in plutonium
purification processes. The change in emphasis from plutonium production to waste cleanup,
environmental restoration, and the retirement of nuclear weapons will present favorable
circumstances for cumulative radiolytic effects, especially in the stabilization processes and the
final storage form.
Self-heating and helium retention and release are also included in this section since they too are
part of the end result of the alpha decay process. Neutron production from the alpha-neutron
reaction is discussed in Section 6.0. The degree of all these effects depends on the plutonium
isotopic composition and the americium impurity level. Table 2.8 lists potential hazards or
damage to materials from exposure to radiation.
2-20
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