Appendix A: Glossary - Continued - STD-1128-98master0296

DOE-STD-1128-98

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Plutonium Facilities

as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA): The approach to radiation protection to manage and

control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and to the general public to as low as

is reasonable, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations.

ALARA is not a dose limit but a process which has the objective of attaining doses as far below the

applicable limits of 10 CFR 835 as is reasonably achievable. (10 CFR 835)

bioassay: The determination of kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, locations of

radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis, and evaluation of

radioactive materials excreted or removed from the human body. (10 CFR 835)

breathing zone air monitoring: Actions conducted to detect and quantify the radiological conditions of

air from the general volume of air breathed by the worker, usually at a height of 1 to 2 meters. See

personal air monitoring. (Workplace Air Monitoring IG)

contamination area: Any area where removable contamination levels are greater than the removable

values specified in appendix D of 10 CFR 835, but less than or equal to 100 times those levels. (10 CFR

835)

continuous air monitor (CAM): An instrument that continuously samples and measures the levels of

airborne radioactive materials on a "real-time" basis and has alarm capabilities at preset levels.

contractor: Any entity under contract with the Department of Energy with the responsibility to perform

activities at a DOE site or facility. (10 CFR 835)

controlled area: Any area to which access is managed in order to protect individuals from exposure to

radiation and/or radioactive material. (10 CFR 835)

decontamination: The process of removing radioactive contamination and materials from personnel,

equipment or areas. (RCS)

Department of Energy operations: Those activities funded by DOE for which DOE has authority to

enforce for environmental protection, safety, and health protection requirements. (DOE Order 5484.1)

Department of Energy site: Either a tract owned by DOE or a tract leased or otherwise made available

to the Federal Government under terms that afford to the Department of Energy rights of access and

control substantially equal to those that the Department of Energy would possess if it were the holder of

the fee (or pertinent interest therein) as agent of and on behalf of the Government. One or more DOE

operations/program activities are carried out within the boundaries of the described tract. (DOE Order

5484.1)

derived air concentration (DAC): For the radionuclides listed in appendix A of 10 CFR 835, the

airborne concentration that equals the ALI divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker

for a working year of 2000 hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2400 m3). For the radionuclides listed

in appendix C of this part, the air immersion DACs were calculated for a continuous, non-shielded

exposure via immersion in a semi-infinite atmospheric cloud. The value is based upon the derived

airborne concentration found in Table 1 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance

Report No. 11, Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion

Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion, published September 1988. (10 CFR 835)

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