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| DOE-HDBK-1108-2002
Radiological Training for Accelerator Facilities
Handouts
Glossary - Continued
Decommissioning: The process of closing and securing a nuclear facility, or nuclear
materials storage facility, so as to provide adequate protection from radiation exposure
and to isolate radioactive contamination from the human environment.
Depleted Uranium: Uranium having a percentage of uranium-235 smaller than the 0.7%
found in natural uranium.
Derived Air Concentration (DAC): The airborne concentration that equals the ALI
divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker for a working year of 2,000
hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2,400 m3).
Detector: Any device that can detect the presence of an energetic electromagnetic
radiation particle or nuclear fragment and measure one or more of its properties.
Electromagnetic Radiation: A traveling wave motion resulting from changing electric or
magnetic fields. Familiar electromagnetic radiations range from X-rays and gamma rays
of short wavelength, through the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions, radar and radio
waves of relatively long wavelength.
Enclosed Beam: All possible X-ray beam paths are fully contained in protective
enclosures so that no part of the body can intercept the beam during normal operation.
Electron volt: A unit of energy equivalent to the energy gained by an electron in passing
through a potential difference of one volt.
Exclusion Area: Any area to which access is prohibited for the purposes of protection of
individuals.
Fail-Safe: A design feature built into a system or system component so that the most
likely mode of failure causes the production of X-rays to be turned off. If fail-safe design
is not possible or cost-effective, the system or system component should be designed so
that no single failure will cause unsafe operation.
Interlock: A safety device that automatically renders an area safe from prompt radiation
when the device is actuated.
Linear accelerator: A device that accelerates charged particles along a straight line.
Mixed Waste: Waste containing both radioactive and hazardous components as defined
by the Atomic Energy Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
respectively.
Muon: An elementary particle apparently identical to the electron except for being 200
times heavier.
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