Glossary cont'd - doe-hdbk-1108-2002

DOE-HDBK-1108-2002

Radiological Training for Accelerator Facilities

Handouts

Glossary - Continued

Septa: An area associated with an accelerator beam line where the beam is split into two

or more beams, normally through the use of magnets. This area is prone to

radioactivation due to the interaction of the beam with structural materials.

Spectra: A visual display, a photographical record, or a plot of the distribution of the

intensity of radiation at a given kind as a function of its wavelength, energy, frequency,

momentum, mass, or any related quantity.

Spallation: A term used to denote a nuclear reaction induced by high-energy

bombardment and involves the ejection of two or more particles.

Superconductivity: The ability of some materials to carry an electric current with no

power loss, owing to the complete absence of electrical resistance. To date,

superconductivity has been found only in a few metals and alloys and at very low

temperatures.

Synchrotron: An accelerator in which the energy of charged particles is increased as they

travel around a circular orbit of fixed radius.

Useful Beam: Radiation that passes through the window, aperture, cone, or other

collimating device of the source housing. Sometimes called primary beam.

Volt: The term potential difference symbolized by V is defined as the work per unit

charge done in moving a charge from one point to the other.