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|  DOE-HDBK-1108-2002
Radiological Training for Accelerator Facilities
Student's Guide
Lesson Plan
Notes
7.
Facility-Specific
Identify facility-specific prompt radiation sources.
B.
Residual Radioactivation
The process by which materials become radioactive is commonly
referred to as "radioactivation" or simply "activation." Generally,
energies above 10 MeV are needed to activate materials for particles
other than neutrons.
1.
Residual radioactivity
Activated materials emit radiation from radioactive decay after
shut-off of the beam.
2.
Contaminated material versus activated material.
Contaminated materials are items with fixed or removable
surface contamination.
Activated material is radioactive material dispersed throughout
the item and is not removable except through some type of
destructive means as discussed below.
a.
Activated materials normally do not present a potential
loose contamination hazard except during activities
such as:
Grinding.
N
Burning.
N
Machining.
N
Handling coolant water filters.
N
Target spallation may also create contamination
without any of the above (or similar) physically
destructive operation applied.
14
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