Individual and Workplace Controls for STC-Contaminated Areas

DOE-HDBK-1184-2004

intra-particle disintegrations that may be detected, and the effectiveness of the

dissolution technique for that species.

A useful characterization method, which could also be considered, is solubility

testing: workplace survey samples tested for tritium released from particulates into

simulated lung fluid. The results of this testing directly affect dose modeling via use

of the critical parameter of ICRP solubility Type (F, M, S) for tritiated particulates in

the lung.

In the absence of acceptable information with regard to differentiation of species, it

may be necessary to base protective actions on conservative assumptions.

Specifically, base protective actions on the most limiting values for dose conversion

factors, airborne concentration and surface radioactivity levels associated with

species likely to be present.

3.3 Individual and Workplace Controls for STC-Contaminated Areas

Following identification and quantification of STC contamination in an area, certain

protective actions may be warranted and necessary to ensure compliance with DOE

requirements for protection of individuals in or near the area. These protective actions and

their regulatory basis include:

Dose limits in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart C;

Area posting in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart G;

Material labeling in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart G;

Material controls in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart L;

Area control in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart F;

Individual monitoring in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart E; and

Area monitoring in accordance with 10 CFR 835 subpart E.

Guidance needed to implement these requirements is contained in the following sections of

this handbook.

Guidance on individual monitoring is in Chapter 4;

Guidance on intake and dose assessment is in Chapter 5;

Guidance on dose conversion factors for insoluble tritiated particles (Sv per unit of

observed activity) Table 5-14 and Appendix A; and

Guidance on workplace controls is in Chapter 6.

NOTE: Both individual and workplace monitoring may require air monitoring, such as

breathing zone air monitoring, grab sampling, and continuous air monitoring.