Fusion - doe-hdbk-1188-20060128

DOE-HDBK-1188-2006

1. Emissions that do not pass through a stack, vent, chimney, or similar opening where they could be

captured by a control device. [Derived from EPA Terms]

2. Any air pollutant emitted to the atmosphere other than from a stack. Sources of fugitive emissions

include pumps; valves; flanges; seals; area sources such as ponds, lagoons, landfills, piles of stored

material (e.g., coal); and road construction areas or other areas where earthwork is occurring.

[Derived from 40 CFR 57.103(m)]

78. FUSION. The combining of two light nuclei (such as hydrogen isotopes or lithium) to form a heavier

nucleus. Fusion is accompanied by the release of large amounts of energy. [Derived from MH]

79. GAMMA RADIATION. High-energy, short wavelength, electromagnetic radiation emitted from the

nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Gamma radiation frequently accompanies alpha and

beta emissions and always accompanies fission. Gamma rays are very penetrating and are best

stopped or shielded by dense materials, such as lead or depleted uranium. Gamma rays are similar to,

but are usually more energetic than, x-rays. (See also alpha radiation, beta radiation, and fission).

[Derived from NRC Glossary, HPRH]

80. GENETIC EFFECT. Inheritable changes (chiefly mutations) produced by exposure, to ionizing

radiation or other chemical or physical agents, of the parts of cells that control biological reproduction

and inheritance. [Derived from NCRP 48, RHH]

81. GRAY. The SI (International System of Units) unit of absorbed dose. One gray (Gy) is equal to an

absorbed dose of 1 joule / kg (1 Gy = 100 rads. (The joule is the SI unit of energy, abbreviated as J.)

(See absorbed dose.) [Derived from 10 CFR 20.1004]

82. GREATER-THAN-CLASS-C (GTCC) WASTE. Low-level radioactive waste from commercial

sources containing radionuclide concentrations that exceed Nuclear Regulatory Commission limits for

Class C low-level waste as defined in 10 CFR 61. It is the most radioactive of the categories of low-

level radioactive waste. [Derived from DOE Glossary, 10 CFR 61]

83. GROUNDWATER. Water below the ground surface in a zone of saturation. [40 CFR 192.01]

Related definition:

Subsurface water is all water that exists in the interstices of soil, rocks, and sediment below the land

surface, including soil moisture, capillary fringe water, and groundwater. That part of subsurface water

in interstices completely saturated with water is called groundwater. [Derived from Walton, AZ

WRRC]

84. HALF-LIFE (RADIOLOGICAL). The time in which one half of the atoms of a particular

radionuclide disintegrate into another nuclear form. Half-lives for specific radionuclides vary from

millionths of a second to billions of years. [Derived from NRC Glossary]

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