Glossary cont'd - doe-std-1098-99_reaffirmed_2004

DOE-STD-1098-99

Radiological Control

Glossary

June 2004

monitoring: The measurement of radiation levels, airborne radioactivity concentrations, radioactive contamination

levels, quantities of radioactive material, or individual doses and the use of the results of these measurements to evaluate

radiological hazards or potential and actual doses resulting from exposures to ionizing radiation [see 835.2(a)].

occupational dose: An individual's ionizing radiation dose (external and internal) as a result of that individual's work

assignment. Occupational dose does not include doses received as a medical patient or doses resulting from background

radiation or participation as a patient in medical research programs [see 835.2(a)].

personal protective equipment: Equipment such as respirators, face shields, and safety glasses used to protect workers

from excessive exposure to radioactive or hazardous materials.

personnel dosimeters: Devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent such as

film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and pocket ionization chambers.

personnel monitoring: Systematic and periodic estimate of radiation dose received by individuals during working

hours. Also, the monitoring of individuals, their excretions, skin, or any part of their clothing to determine the amount of

planned special exposure: Preplanned, infrequent exposure to radiation, separate from and in addition to the annual

dose limits.

prenatal radiation exposure: The exposure of an embryo/fetus to radiation.

primary dosimeter: A dosimeter worn on the body used to obtain the formal record of whole body radiation dose.

protective clothing: Clothing provided to personnel to minimize the potential for skin and personal and company-

issued clothing contamination. Also referred to as "anti-contamination clothing," "anti-Cs," and "PCs."

qualification standard: The explicit performance requirements for minimum proficiency in technical, academic, and

site-specific knowledge and practical skills used in determining satisfactory completion of training programs. The

qualification standard is used to qualify radiological control technicians at DOE facilities.

rad: Unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs per gram or 0.01 joules per kilogram (0.01

gray).

radiation or ionizing radiation: Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons,

high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. Radiation, as used in this Standard, does not include

non-ionizing radiation, such as radio- or micro-waves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light [see 835.2(a)].

radiation area: Any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a

deep dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 mSv) in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from

any surface that the radiation penetrates [see 835.2(a)].

radioactive material: Any material that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation (e.g., X- or gamma rays, alpha or beta

particles, neutrons). The term "radioactive material" also includes materials onto which radioactive material is deposited

or into which it is incorporated. For purposes of practicality, both 10 CFR 835 and this Standard establish certain

threshold levels below which specified actions, such as posting, labeling, or individual monitoring, are not required.

These threshold levels are usually expressed in terms of total activity or concentration, contamination levels, individual

doses, or exposure rates.

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