Design Objectives - doe-std-1128-98

DOE-STD-1128-98

8.3.1

Design Objectives

One of the principal means of minimizing solid waste is to minimize the area that

becomes contaminated by plutonium and to ensure that all surfaces contaminated

by plutonium are readily cleanable.

Glove boxes are often used to contain contamination and permit work in minimal

protective clothing that can be reused to minimize waste volumes. By assuring that

these are in isolated areas that are covered with easily cleanable materials and

maintained at negative pressure with respect to the rest of the facility, waste is

minimized even during minor accidents.

The choice of surface materials is extremely critical. For example, concrete floors

will become impregnated by plutonium particulates or solutions and will require

fixatives or scabbing to control contamination. Relatively large quantities of solid

waste will be generated when facilities are decommissioned or major modifications

are done. Conversely, electropolished stainless steel is easily cleaned, even to

releasable levels generating only small quantities of TRU waste.

Choosing components that can be easily maintained rather than totally replaced

may also be an effective strategy at minimizing waste. Whenever possible, choose

equipment for which high-maintenance components can be located outside of

contaminated areas. For example, many mixers, saws, and other such components

have been adapted so that the motor is located outside the glove box where it can

be maintained or replaced without concern for contamination status, while the

working or tool end operates in a contaminated environment.

8.3.2

Operational Controls

Operational controls for waste-management purposes in plutonium facilities serve

two distinct purposes: waste volume reduction (waste minimization) and waste

classification control. Each of these is discussed briefly below. Operational

controls to reduce the probability of accidents or minimize their consequences are

also important but are not directly addressed as part of waste management.

8.3.2.1

Waste Minimization

Plutonium facilities should have a waste minimization program. The

objective of a waste minimization program is the cost-effective reduction

in the generation and disposal of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed

waste. The preferred method is to reduce the total volume and/or toxicity

of hazardous waste generated at the source, which minimizes the volume

and complexity for waste disposal.

The waste minimization program applies to all present and future

activities of the facilities that generate hazardous, radioactive, and/or

mixed wastes. Furthermore, waste minimization is to be considered for

all future programs and projects in the design stages, and should be

included in all maintenance and/or construction contracts.

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