Waste - doe-std-1128-98

DOE-STD-1128-98

The ventilation system of the facility should be designed to withstand any credible

fire or explosion. It should be constructed of noncombustible materials and have

fire-detection and fire-suppression equipment, including heat and smoke detectors,

alarms, fire doors and dampers, and heat-removal systems. The final filter bank of

the building's air-exhaust system should be protected from damage by hot gases,

burning debris, or fire-suppression agents that may be carried through the exhaust

ducts during a 4-hour fire.

Over-pressure protection should be considered for critical items such as glove

boxes, cells, and ventilation ducts.

C.5.5

Waste

Waste from plutonium-handling facilities includes radioactive, radioactive mixed,

and hazardous (non-radioactive) materials and will be in the form of liquid or

gaseous effluent and solids packaged for shipment offsite. A principal design

objective for the process systems should be to minimize the production of wastes at

the source. A principal design objective for the waste management systems should

be to provide facilities and equipment to handle the wastes safely and effectively.

The design of the facility should limit the environmental release of radioactive,

radioactive mixed, and hazardous materials to less than the DOE and EPA

regulations and ALARA. Emphasis should be placed on reducing total quantities of

effluent (both radioactive and non-radioactive) released to the environment. See

Section 8.0 for additional information on waste management.

C.6 SPECIAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

Special systems and equipment should be incorporated in plutonium facilities to ensure the

safety of the worker and protection of the public. As a minimum, the following systems

should be included:

Air sampling and monitoring;

breathing air;

personnel monitoring;

criticality safety;

nuclear accident dosimeters; and

monitoring and alarms.

These systems and equipment plus some that may not be directly related to personnel safety

and radiation protection are discussed in the following subsections.

C.6.1

Air Sampling and Monitoring

The air-monitoring and air-sampling systems for a plutonium facility should meet

the criteria established in the Implementation Guide. Workplace Air Monitoring

(DOE, 1999f). In addition, PNL-6612, The Health Physics Manual of Good

Practices for the Prompt Detection of Airborne Plutonium in the Workplace

(Mishima et al., 1988) provides information for the design, implementation,

operation, documentation, and evaluation of a plutonium air-sampling program.

C-29