Radiation Protection - doe-std-1136-20040047

DOE-STD-1136-2004

Guide of Good Practices for Occupational Radiological Protection in Uranium Facilities

3.0 RADIATION PROTECTION

An effective radiation protection program at a uranium facility requires scrupulous attention to

controlling both internal and external doses. The radiation protection program should ensure the detection

and quantification of all types of radiation (i.e., alpha, beta, neutron, gamma, and x-ray) over wide energy

ranges. The radiation detection instruments should be properly calibrated and routinely checked. Emphasis

should be on establishing controls for internal and external radiation exposure using ALARA guidelines.

Prompt and accurate assessment is important in determining each individual's dose and in establishing an

accurate historical record. This section defines the basis for establishing a comprehensive radiation

protection program.

3.1 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

DOE has established occupational radiation protection regulations in 10 CFR 835, Occupational

Radiation Protection. DOE has provided supporting and clarifying guidance in the DOE G 441.1 series of

Guides, DOE-STD-1098-99, Radiological Control, and DOE Radiological Control Technical Positions.

Other related source documents include publications of the EPA, ANSI, ICRP, NCRP, and UNSCEAR.

Individual states may also have their own radiological control regulations, with equivalent or more

restrictive requirements than the Federal regulations.

3.2 RADIATION PROTECTION PROGRAMS

An effective radiation protection program consists of a group of related and integrated functional

elements. The documentation that describes the DOE activity's program to control occupational radiation

protection is referred to as the documented radiation protection program (RPP). Although the actual titles

and contents of the functional elements are left to the discretion of DOE's operating entities, DOE G

441.1-1A , Management and Administration of Radiation Protection Programs (DOE 2003a), suggests the

following, based on the content of 10 CFR 835:

Organization and Administration

ALARA Program

External Dosimetry Program

Internal Dosimetry Program

Area Monitoring and Control

Radiological Controls

Emergency Exposure Situations

Nuclear Accident Dosimetry

Records

Reports to Individuals

Radiation Safety Training

Each of these functional elements is discussed in more detail below.

3.2.1 Organization and Administration

This functional element addresses the overall administration of the program, including the

documented RPP itself, various organizational and institutional issues, and program assessment. DOE G

441.1-1A and the RCS provide detailed guidance on implementing these requirements.

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