Shock Effects - h3010v10135

DOE-HDBK-3010-94

4.0 Solids; Metals

4.2.2.1

S h ock E ffects

Steindler and Seefeldt (1980) provide an empirical correlation to experimental data on the

fragmentation of metals and aqueous solution by detonations [energy releases in

microseconds with brisance (shattering effect)] (Ayer, et al. May 1988). The experiments

covered the work performed for TNT related to the mass ratios (MRs, ratio of mass of inert

to TNT equivalent) of 1 to 10. The experiments were conducted with the condensed phase

explosive embedded or contiguous to the material affected. Estimates of the ARF and size

distribution for various mass ratios up to 1000 are provided in Appendix C of Ayer, et al.

(May 1988) for a GSD of 8. The GSD is much greater than normally assumed (GSD 2) and

provides greater fractions in the larger size ranges (a nonconservative assumption for the

assessment of radiological impacts). Due to the rapid change in size distribution, the

maximum mass of inert material airborne in the respirable fraction is for an MR of 1.

Therefore, a bounding ARF/RF of inert material equal in mass to the TNT Equivalent for the

detonation is assumed. [Note: The explosive dispersal of molten Pu and U was covered in

previous subsections.]

4.2.2.2

B last E ffects

No experimentally measured values for ARF and RF are available. No significant airborne

release is postulated. Potential releases for loose surface contamination on metal are covered

in Chapter 5.

4.2.2.3

V en tin g of P ressurized G ases O ver M etals

No experimentally measured values for ARF and RF are available. No significant airborne

release is postulated. Potential releases for loose surface contamination on metal are covered

in Chapter 5.

4.2.3

F ree-F all S p ill an d I mp action S tres s

No experimentally measured values for ARF and RF are available. No significant airborne

release is postulated. Potential releases for loose surface contamination on metal are covered

in Chapter 5.

Airborne release from free-fall of molten metal is covered under Thermal Stresses in

subsections 4.2.1.1.4 and 4.2.1.2.2.

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