Suspension of Liquids From Shallow Pools of Concentrated Heavy Metal Solutions on Stainless Steel

DOE-HDBK-3010-94

3.0 Liquids; Aqueous Solutions

3.2.4.2

S u s pen sion of L iq u id s F rom S h allow P ools of C on cen trated H eavy

M etal S olu tion s on S tain less S teel

An indication of the ARF for this type of condition at low velocities can be gained from the

entrainment of plutonium solution in air at velocities from 10 to 100 cm/s passing over the

surface (Mishima, Schwendiman and Radasch, November 1968). The entrainment was from

a very shallow pool (~2 to 4 mm) of limited diameter (~2.5 cm) using a dense solution.

Evaporation periods lasted from 2 h to 24 h with temperatures from ambient (~21 oC) to

100 oC. For entrainment at ambient temperature with an evaporation period of 24 h, the

ARF ranged from <2E-10 to 2.5E-9. The ARFs measured are listed in Table 3-10 taken

from Table I in the reference document and found in Appendix A (Table A.1). The

experimental apparatus is shown in Figure A.1.

Table 3-10. M easured ARFs from Shallow Pools of Concentrated

Heavy M etal Salt Solution (0.72 g to 0.82 g Pu, 24-hr sam pling period)

(Table I - M ishim a, Schwendim an and Radasch, Novem ber 1968)

Tem perature,

Air Velocity,

ARF

Rate

m /s

ambient

0.1

<1.0E-9

<1.0E-14/s

ambient

0.5

2.5E-9

3.0E-14/s

ambient

1.0

<2.0E-10

<2.0E-15/s

Although the nominal velocities used in these experiments appear to be much lower than

those quoted in subsection 3.2.4.1, the values represent velocities much closer to the surface

(i.e., within cm) than the usual height for meteorological windspeed measurements of 10 m.

For turbulent to laminar flow, the nominal 10 meter windspeed would be a factor of 2 to 10

higher than the values quoted in Table 3-10. The ARRs measured range from 7E-12/hr to

1E-10/hr.

3.2.4.3

E stim ate of th e R esus pen sion of L iq u id s F rom S oil

As will be discussed in Chapter 4, Sehmel and Lloyd (1976a,b) measured resuspension rates

of a powder deposited on a soil surface and deduced that a reasonable value for resuspension

rate was 1E-8/s to 1E-10/s. These values correspond to 4E-5/hr and 4E-7/hr. Liquids are

significantly less susceptible to entrainment than powders.

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