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DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 1: Radiological Fundamentals
Instructor's Notes
3.
Radioactivity units
Radioactivity is measured in the number of disintegrations
radioactive material undergoes in a certain period of time.
a.  Disintegrations per minute (dpm)
b.  Disintegrations per second (dps)
c.  Curie (Ci)
One curie equals:
 2,200,000,000,000 disintegrations per minute (2.2x1012 dpm),
or
 37,000,000,000 disintegrations per second (3.7x1010 dps), or
 1,000,000 microcuries (1x106 uCi).
EO3 Identify the units used
to measure radioactivity and
contamination.
4.
Radioactive half-life
Radioactive half-life is the time it takes for one half of the
radioactive atoms present to decay.
EO2 Define radioactive
half-life.
5.
Radioactive contamination
Radioactive contamination is radioactive material that is
uncontained and in an unwanted place. (There are certain places
where radioactive material is intended to be.)
EO2 Define radioactive
contamination.
Contamination is measured per unit area or volume.
dpm/100 cm2
uCi/ml
uCi/g.
EO3 Identify the units used
to measure radioactivity and
contamination.
6.
Ionization
Ionization is the process of removing electrons from neutral atoms.
a.
Electrons will be removed from an atom if enough energy is
supplied. The remaining atom has a positive (+) charge. The
ionized atoms may affect chemical processes in cells. The
ionizations may affect the cell's ability to function normally.
7


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