Module Introduction - hdbk-1130-98

DOE-HDBK-1130-98

Module 2: Biological Effects

Instructor's Notes

MODULE INTRODUCTION

Self Introduction

1. Name

2. Phone Number

3. Background

B. Module Overview

The fact that ionizing radiation produces biological damage

has been known for many years. We have gained most of

our knowledge of these effects since World War II.

In this module, we will discuss the potential for biological

effects and risks due to ionizing radiation and put these

potential risks into perspective when compared to other

occupations and daily activities. With this information, it is

hoped that employees will develop a healthy respect for

radiation rather than fear or disregard.

C. Objectives Review

D. Introduction

We know more about the biological effects of ionizing

radiation than most other environmental factors. Rather than

just being able to base our information on animal studies, we

have a large body of information available regarding

exposures to humans. There are four major groups of people

that have been exposed to significant levels of radiation.

The first group includes early radiation workers, such as

radiologists. These workers received large doses of radiation

before the biological effects were recognized. Since that time,

standards have been developed to protect workers.

The second group is the more than 250,000 survivors of the

atomic bombs dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Some of

these survivors received doses estimated to be in excess of

50,000 mrem.

The third group includes individuals who have been involved

in radiation accidents.

The fourth and largest group of individuals are patients who

have undergone radiation therapy for cancer and other

diseases.