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|  DOE-HDBK-1130-98
Module 9: Radioactive Contamination Control
Instructor's Notes
II. MODULE OUTLINE
A.
Comparison of Ionizing Radiation and
Radioactive Contamination
1.
Ionizing radiation
Energy (particles or rays) emitted from radioactive
atoms or generated from machines such as X-ray
machines that can cause ionization (e.g., gamma
rays, X rays, beta particles, and other particles
capable of ionizing atoms).
2.
Radioactive contamination
Radioactive material is material that contains
radioactive atoms. When radioactive material is
properly contained, it still emits radiation and may
be an external dose hazard, but it is not a
contamination hazard. When radioactive material
escapes its container, it is then referred to as
radioactive contamination.
3.
Radiation is energy; contamination is a material.
B.
Types of Contamination
EO1 Define fixed,
removable, and airborne
Radioactive contamination can be fixed, removable,
contamination.
or airborne.
1.
Fixed contamination is contamination that cannot be
easily removed from surfaces.
a.
It cannot be removed by casual contact.
b.
It may be released when the surface is disturbed
(buffing, grinding, using volatile liquids for
cleaning, etc.).
c.
Over time it may "weep," leach, or otherwise
become loose or removable.
2.
Removable contamination is contamination that can
easily be removed from surfaces. Any object that
comes in contact with it may become contaminated.
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