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DOE-HDBK-1092-2004
inspection of the conductor for strand breakage, but becomes stiff and hard to handle at low
temperatures. The clear jacket will split or shatter at very low temperatures.
7.5.3.4.3
FERRULES
Ferrules should be threaded-stud copper base compression type. Ferrules should have the filler
compound vent hole at the bottom of the cable so that employees can visually check that the
cable is fully inserted into the ferrule. Compound should be used with crimped ferrules. The
ferrules should be crimped with the ferrule manufacturer's recommended die. The press shall
have enough pressure to completely close the die. The area covering the inserted cable jacket
should not be compressed. Heat shrink or springs should be installed over a portion of the
ferrule to minimize strand breakage caused by bending. In all cases, the manufacturer's
recommendations should be followed.
7.5.3.4.4
HANDLING OF GROUNDING CABLE
Personal protective grounds are usually handled and lifted by the cable. However, continuous
flexing eventually breaks the conductor strands beneath the jacket. Therefore, employees
should minimize the use of sharp bends in the cable.
7.5.3.4.5
SIZE OF GROUNDING CABLE
The size of the grounding cable must be selected to handle the maximum calculated fault
current of the power system or specific portion thereof. The minimum size that shall be used for
grounding cables is #2 AWG flexible copper. In larger substations, the maximum available fault
current may require larger cables. If larger cables are not available, parallel cables (with the
appropriate derating factor) may be used.
Most manufacturers and suppliers of grounding cables publish tables to assist the user in
selecting the proper cable size for a given fault current. These tables show the maximum fault
current capability for several sizes of copper grounding cables.
7.5.3.4.6
GROUNDING CABLE LENGTH
Excessive cable lengths should be avoided. Therefore, slack in the installed cables should be
minimal to reduce possible injury to workers. Resistance in the cable increases with cable
length, and excessive length could exceed the tolerable voltage drop across the body. Longer
than necessary cables also tend to twist or coil, which reduces the effectiveness of the cable.
7.5.3.4.7
GROUNDING CLAMPS
Grounding clamps are normally made of copper or aluminum alloys; sized to meet or exceed
the current-carrying capacity of the cable; and designed to provide a strong mechanical
connection to the conductor, metal structure, or ground wire/rod.
7.5.3.4.7.1
CLAMP TYPES
Clamps are furnished in, but not limited to, three types according to their function and methods
of installation:
1.
Type I clamps, for installation on deenergized conductors, are equipped with eyes for
installation with removable hot sticks.
7-12


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