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| ![]() DOE-HDBK-1106-97
Radiological Contamination Control Training
for Laboratory Research
Instructor's Guide
Instructor's Notes
CARBON-14 (C-14)
Carbon-14 is a low-energy beta emitter (about 10 times more
energetic than tritium). C-14 is not easily detected with a hand-
held survey instrument such as a thin-window G-M (the
efficiency is ~ 10%). Monitoring is normally performed by
taking a swipe of the area and counting the swipe in a liquid
scintillation counter.
Maximum energy: 0.156 MeV (the average energy
1.
is 0.052 MeV).
Maximum range in air: 9 inches (24 cm).
2.
3.
IAEA toxicity classification: Medium-low.
Physical half-life: 5,730 years.
4.
5.
Effective half-life (Teff): 12 days.
6.
Critical organ: Whole body and the body fat.
7.
Personnel monitoring: Bioassay - urinalysis and/or
breath measurements (CO2), NOT detected with a
dosimeter (TLD or film).
ALI:
8.
2 mCi (7 x 107 Bq) -labeled organic
o
compounds by inhalation or ingestion.
2 Ci (7 x 1010 Bq) CO by inhalation.
o
200 mCi (7 x 109 Bq) CO2 by inhalation.
o
A-4
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