Glossary cont'd - hdbk110697

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GLOSSARY (continued)

Internal Emitter: A term used for a radionuclide deposited in the body.

In-vitro Methods: Detection of radiations emitted by radioactive materials excreted or removed from the

body, using radiochemical and/or radioanalytical techniques.

In-vivo Methods: Detection of radiations emitted by radioactive materials deposited in the body, usually

by whole body (or critical organ) counting techniques.

Ionization (Ion) Chamber: An instrument that detects and measures ionizing radiation by measuring the

electrical current that flows when radiation ionizes gas in a chamber, making the gas a conductor of the

Ionizing Radiation: Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions (either

directly or indirectly) in its passage through matter.

Irradiation: Exposure to radiation.

Isotope: One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in

their nuclei. Isotopes have very nearly the same chemical properties.

keV: The symbol for one thousand-electron-volts (1,000 eV).

Kilo: Symbol k. A prefix indication base unit is to be multiplied by 1,000.

Kilovolt (kV): A unit of electrical potential equal to 1,000 volts.

Lead Equivalent: The thickness of lead affording the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the

material in question.

License: Written authorization issued to the licensee by the NRC or agreement State to perform specific

activities related to the possession and use of byproduct, source, or special nuclear material.