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DOE-HDBK-1106-97
GLOSSARY (continued)
Internal Emitter: A term used for a radionuclide deposited in the body.
In-vitro Methods: Detection of radiations emitted by radioactive materials excreted or removed from the
body, using radiochemical and/or radioanalytical techniques.
In-vivo Methods: Detection of radiations emitted by radioactive materials deposited in the body, usually
by whole body (or critical organ) counting techniques.
Ionization (Ion) Chamber: An instrument that detects and measures ionizing radiation by measuring the
electrical current that flows when radiation ionizes gas in a chamber, making the gas a conductor of the
Ionizing Radiation: Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions (either
directly or indirectly) in its passage through matter.
Irradiation: Exposure to radiation.
Isotope: One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in
their nuclei. Isotopes have very nearly the same chemical properties.
keV: The symbol for one thousand-electron-volts (1,000 eV).
Kilo: Symbol k. A prefix indication base unit is to be multiplied by 1,000.
Kilovolt (kV): A unit of electrical potential equal to 1,000 volts.
Lead Equivalent: The thickness of lead affording the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the
material in question.
License: Written authorization issued to the licensee by the NRC or agreement State to perform specific
activities related to the possession and use of byproduct, source, or special nuclear material.
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