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| DOE-HDBK-1106-97
Radiological Contamination Control Training
for Laboratory Research
Student's Guide
SODIUM-22 (Na-22)
Sodium-22 is a positron emitter (positive beta particle/electron) and high-energy gamma emitter. It also
emits an annihilation photon when the positive electron is annihilated with a negative electron, producing
pure energy.
Sodium-22 is detected with a thin-window G-M probe, sodium-iodide scintillation counter, or liquid
scintillation detector.
1.
Energy:
o
Maximum beta energy: 0.546 MeV, average energy 0.182 MeV.
o
Gamma energy: 1.275 MeV.
o
Annihilation photon: 0.511 MeV.
2.
Maximum beta range in air: 4.7 feet (1.4 m).
3.
Unshielded dose rate from 1mCi point source at 1/2 inch (1cm): 11.8 rad/hr.
4.
IAEA toxicity classification: High-medium.
5.
Physical half-life: 950 days.
6.
Effective half-life (Teff): 10.9 days.
7.
Critical organ:
o
Whole body for intake of transportable compounds.
o
Lungs for inhalation.
o
Lower large intestine for ingestion.
8.
Personnel monitoring: dosimeter and finger rings, uptakes may be determined by urinalysis.
A-5
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