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|  DOE-HDBK-1106-97
Radiological Contamination Control Training
for Laboratory Research
Student's Guide
SULFUR-35 (S-35)
Sulfur-35 is a low-energy beta emitter similar to carbon-14. Most common means of detection is with
liquid scintillation.
1.
Maximum energy: 0.167 MeV (the average energy is 0.056 MeV).
2.
Maximum range in air: 10 inches (24 cm).
3.
Maximum range in tissue: 0.32mm.
4.
IAEA toxicity classification: Medium-low.
5.
Physical half-life: 87.4 days.
6.
Effective half-life (Teff): 77 days.
7.
Critical organ: Whole body and testis.
8.
Personnel monitoring: Bioassay - urinanalysis, NOT detected with a dosimeter
(thermoluminescent dosimeter or film).
ALI:
9.
10 mCi (4 x 108 Bq) inorganic compounds (vapor inhalation).
o
2 mCi (7 x 107 Bq) by inhalation, weekly clearance.
o
6 mCi (2 x 108 Bq) by ingestion.
o
10.
Shielding: 3mm of plexiglass (if needed).
11.
Special Considerations:
o
Detection of S-35 by radiation survey instruments requires special care due to the low
efficiency of detection.
A-10
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