Glossary cont'd - hdbk11080085

DOE-HDBK-1108-97

Radiological Training for Accelerator Facilities

Instructor's Guide

GLOSSARY (continued)

Spectra: A visual display, a photographical record, or a plot of the distribution of the intensity of

radiation at a given kind as a function of its wavelength, energy, frequency, momentum, mass, or any

related quantity.

Spallation: A term used to denote a nuclear reaction induced by high-energy bombardment and involves

the ejection of two or more particles.

Superconductivity: The ability of some materials to carry an electric current with no power loss, owing to

the complete absence of electrical resistance. To date, superconductivity has been found only in a few

metals and alloys and at very low temperatures.

Synchrotron: An accelerator in which the energy of charged particles is increased as they travel around a

circular orbit of fixed radius.

Useful Beam: Radiation that passes through the window, aperture, cone, or other collimating device of

the source housing. Sometimes called primary beam.

Volt: The term potential difference symbolized by V is defined as the work per unit charge done in

moving a charge from one point to the other.